This from NPR news: In France, 3 year olds attend school all day and take naps in dorm beds. They learn to recite poems, perform songs in concerts, and attend art museums. The focus is not on reading and writing, but learning who they are. President Obama wants the US to provide free preschool for our students, also. Currently Headstart provides for low income families. Because I have a 3 yr old grandson who attends daycare, I think this is a great idea, however, I do hope it does not become mandatory! This is wonderful in some respects; I like the emphasis on the arts. The following is an article review that I wrote in graduate school.
Music and Intelligence in the Early Years
by Wynne Huddleston
In the article "Music and Intelligence in the Early Years," from Early Childhood Connections, (Spring 1995) John Feierabend supports the idea of preschool music education. He explains that neurological studies show that children must be exposed to good musical experiences as early as possible. Furthermore, Edwin Gordon's aptitude tests performed on children after age 6 prove that little can be done to rectify a lack of an early musical exposure. Feierabend, a national leader in the field of early childhood education, quotes Kodaly as saying that no one is complete without music. Even the Greeks believed that there was a triangle of areas important for the development of a truly educated person. Math was believed necessary for the brain, physical education for the body, and music for sensitivity. American schools usually involve reading, writing and arithmetic. Many schools in Europe begin kindergarten at age 3, and allow children to learn by exploration and interaction with other children. Feierabend feels that American children are already behind before they get to our kindergartens. He thinks we should model Hungary's excellent music program which begins in kindergarten for ages 3-5.
In recent years, Howard Gardner, a Harvard professor of neurophysiology, discovered in his intelligence-based research that people possess distinct intellectual abilities. He concluded in his book, Frames of Mind, that there are seven individual intelligences—linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, body-kinesthetic, interpersonal and intrapersonal. Nature and nurture seem to be the determining factors for "talent" in a specific area. The three "R's" that most schools have traditionally focused upon only include two of these "intelligences." Even TAG classes have been geared toward the linguistic and mathematical intelligences. Gardner believes we should discover and expand these other intelligences. A child could be talented in one of the other intelligences and be just as gifted in that area. Different intelligences can be used in music. As we learn to use our minds, we process information through certain conditioning. A person, who learns to play an instrument by reading notes and symbols, and uses the instrument to hear music, is exhibiting music from a logical/mathematical intelligence. If, however, one has had musical experiences at an early age in listening, singing, dancing, or playing by ear, this is music intelligence. Learning facts about music is done through one's linguistic intelligence.
The manner in which each intelligence is seeded during the early years of life will affect its development. There must be a network of neurological fibers which will allow for the processing of information into a particular intelligence. The density of these synapses increases the most during the first few months of life and reaches maximum capacity (about twice what we use and maintain) at one to two years of age. As children grow and develop, unnecessary connections die. The number decreases during ages two to sixteen and the number stays about the same until around age seventy-two. This is why it is so important to develop the neural network at the earliest age possible. These neurological connectors are formed by experiences, and without these experiences the connections die.
Most schools spend much of the school day developing reading, writing, and arithmetic skills, providing adequate nurturing in two of the intelligences. Still, the other five intelligence areas remain relatively neglected. The lack of concern for developing all intelligence areas is further evident in gifted and talented programs supported by many schools in the United States. Usually a child must excel in either logical-mathematical or linguistic intelligence to be included in such programs. The students who are often left out also deserve challenges in their particular areas of intelligence. Music (and other arts) might be the one area in which a student can achieve.
Reference: Feierabend, John M., PH.D. (1995, Spring) Music and Intelligence in the Early Years,
Early Childhood Connections. Retrieved June 23, 2006, from
http://giamusic.com/music_education/feierabend/articles/intelligence.html